Analysis on the refined management of drugs from the perspective of value chain in a hospital / 中国药房

In recent years， in order to meet the needs of high-quality development， more and more hospitals have begun to carry out refined drug management. Based on the theory of value chain management， this study analyzed and practiced the refined drug management. First of all， the value chain model of drug management was constructed to clarify the drug management process and classification. Secondly， the current situation and demand of drug management were analyzed to clarify the management needs of procurement， logistics， inventory， distribution and use in the management process. Then， based on the value chain theory， the basic activities and auxiliary activities of drug management were reconstructed and optimized. The performance evaluation suggested that refined drug management based on the value chain theory could improve the efficiency of drug management， provide better services for patients， and help the hospital develop with high quality.

Custos de implementação do cabotegravir injetável de longa duração como profilaxia ao HIV no Brasil / Costs of implementing long-acting injectable cabotegravir as HIV prophylaxis in Brazil

Resumo O artigo descreve a estimação dos custos potenciais, sob a ótica do Ministério da Saúde (MS), da implementação do medicamento cabotegravir injetável de longa duração (CAB LA) no Sistema Único de Saúde, como alternativa para a prevenção à infecção pelo HIV e parte da estratégia nacional de prevenção combinada. Utilizou-se o instrumental analítico de cadeias de valor para elaborar a cadeia de valor do CAB LA com a identificação dos seus elos e atividades. Foram definidos três cenários de demanda com base em dados da população-alvo, variando em abrangência geográfica, e calculados os custos potenciais. A cadeia de valor do CAB LA é dividida em três grandes elos: produção, incorporação e assistência farmacêutica. Somente o último é considerado para o cálculo dos custos sob responsabilidade orçamentária do MS. Os custos potenciais são estimados em R$ 15 milhões, R$ 19 milhões e R$ 21,8 milhões, nos cenários de demanda baixa, média e alta, respectivamente. O estudo apresenta os custos potenciais para o MS, incluindo a necessidade de testes e procedimentos, de forma a orientar os gestores públicos e o próprio processo de incorporação. A ausência de preço do CAB LA é uma importante limitação para os resultados.

Abstract The article describes the estimation of the potential costs, from the perspective of the Ministry of Health (MoH), of incorporating the long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB LA) within the Brazilian Unified Health System, as an alternative for the prevention of HIV infection and part of the national combination prevention strategy. The analytical tools of value chains were used to elaborate the CAB LA value chain by identifying its links and activities. Three demand scenarios were defined based on target population data, varying geographic scope, and potential costs were calculated. CAB LA's value chain is divided into three major links: production, incorporation, and pharmaceutical assistance. Only the latter is considered for the calculation of costs under the budgetary responsibility of the MoH. Potential costs are estimated at R$15 million, R$19 million and R$21.8 million, in low, medium, and high demand scenarios, respectively. The study presents the potential costs for the MoH, including the need for tests and procedures, to guide public managers and the incorporation process. The lack of price for CAB LA is an important limitation of the results.

Analysis of global mRNA drug industrialization dynamics / 药学学报

The successful development and application of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine fully illustrated the great potential and application prospect of mRNA technology in the field of biomedicine. Currently, many companies worldwide are developing drugs and vaccines based on mRNA technology for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. It can be foreseen that with the continuous launch of mRNA drugs, commercial GMP production capacity matching them is also urgent. The optimization of production processes, intelligent manufacturing and other risk control strategies, as well as the control of industrialization costs, will help improve the core competitiveness of mRNA innovative drug development. In view of this, this article will provide an overview of the global production process of mRNA drugs and the progress of related GMP production dynamics, sort out the key chain points of the mRNA industry chain, explore the construction of the mRNA pharmaceutical enterprise value chain and the formation of core competitiveness, and provide reference and reference for the research and development of innovative mRNA drugs and high-quality development in China.

Strategic Policies in Expanding Frontiers of Food Security among Cassava-based Farmers in Cross River State, Nigeria

The research was carried out to identify the possible constraints and development of strategic policies in expanding and improving cassava production and processing amongst cassava value chain actors in Cross River State, Nigeria. Data generated from the research the 150 cassava producers and processors (cassava value chain actors) through the use of well- define structured interview schedule was collated. The Multistage sampling procedure was adopted in selection of farmer respondents. The multivariate analytical technique was used in analyzing generated data employing the statistical application software of Genstat version 12. The eigen value, percentage variations and loading values contributing to low cassava output were used in achieving the objectives. The results showed that the major constraints to cassava production and processing were agronomic, technical/institutional and financial constraints. The major policy strategies should include a global, national, regional and community strategies all geared towards the evolution of industry analysis for improving cassava productivity in the study area through the development of the traditional farming systems, making good planting material accessible to farmers and on time and at lowest possible prices; the provision of credit facilities to the resource poor cassava –based farmers in the area with no collateral; the establishment of cassava product based cottage industries in the area for cassava value chain development; provision of adequate cassava processing equipment and the formation of cassava farmers’ multipurpose cooperative societies to enhance farmers’ access to benefit from world bank assisted programmes; have free access to basic information and production facilities. The study, therefore, recommended that cassava product based cottage industries be established in the study area in order to encourage both producers and processors in the value addition chain. This will also provide employment and likewise encourage the restive youths in the region to venture into agriculture as a business for economic returns, growth and development of the area. The identified constraints with the higher loading values for each of the principal multivariate should be strengthened using appropriate development strategies/policies to ensure food security and increased farm income for cassava – based farmers in the region.

Prevailing Marketing Practices and Consumer Preference for Pork in Bareilly City

Present study was conducted using purposive sampling technique to identify prevailing marketing practices and consumer preference for pork in Bareilly city. The study revealed that majority of retailers come under middle age group and belong to lower socio-economic strata. Facilities of chiller, deep freezer, disinfectant and packaging and labeling were not available at any retail shops. Majority of respondent sold 30-35kg pork/day with higher frequency of selling at morning within 4-5 hrs of slaughter. Problems faced by retailers were poor financial conditions and lack of marketing chain. Pork retailers required training and aids related to pork business from government. Majority of consumers at Bareilly city belongs to the lower socio-economic strata. Majority of individuals purchased pork at least 1-2 times per week, most of them purchased at morning time. Most of consumer preferred ham cut, purchased meat from road side stalls immediately after slaughter for preparing dishes from pork and preferred stewing. Finally, it can be concluded that pork was sold through unorganized sector, both consumers and retailers were not aware about quality and safety of pork and meager value chain exist for pork business at Bareilly city

Exploration and establishment of national clinical research center for aging and medicine at Huashan hospital / 中华医院管理杂志

In consideration of the population aging and growing demands for elderly health care, medical institutions in China are faced with severe challenges. Medical knowledge, given its potential to guide clinical practice, cannot apply to clinical practice directly, and a synergy research network should be built among diversified organizations instead. Authors of this paper described the roadblocks against building a medical synergy network, and presented the experiences of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University in its exploration and development of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine. In view of major setbacks such as the absence of the following factors, namely the trust towards medical evidences produced in other facilities, a trans-organizational information sharing system, a referral procedure, clear requirements at hospital management level, and a well-functioning reimbursement mechanism. Hence the hospital is required to enhance its functionality of clinical research and play a more active role in the clinical research eco-system.

Research on Application of Value Engineering in Hospital Management / 中国医院管理

The paper briefly states the significance of value engineering,explores how value significance applies in hospital management,summarizes the actual methods and effect,which provides a new angle of promoting hospital management and core competition.

Exploring the Application of Value Chain Management in the Operation of Medical Conjoined Economy / 中国卫生经济

Conjoined mode had great significance on promoting the formation of good medical order during exploring the reform of public hospitals.What aspects should the Medical Association pay attention to in the economic operation management,so as to ensure the effective operation? Value chain management was a kind of management method appearing at the end of last century.The management could be introduced to analyze the industrial chain of medical industry and the internal decomposition of Medical Association.The value of operation could be applied to promote the stable and orderly operation of Medical Association and promote the formation of core competitiveness of hospitals.Therefore,it discussed the application of value chain management in economic management under different modes of medical alliance.

Aplicación de la herramienta Value Stream Mapping a una empresa embaladora de productos de vidrio

Las herramientas Lean Manufacturing se han posicionado en el entorno empresarial como metodologías claras y eficientes para la optimización de procesos en cualquier tipo de empresa. En el presente estudio se implementa la metodología lean llamada Value Stream Mapping o mapeo de cadena de valor en una empresa embaladora de productos de vidrio, con el propósito de identificar y eliminar aquellas actividades que no agregan valor al proceso y a su vez mejorar el desempeño del área logística de la compañía, disminuyendo la sensación de un bajo nivel de servicio. Al final de la investigación se logra concluir que la implementación de la herramienta permite reconocer el comportamiento y la relaciones subyacentes dentro del proceso actual, y con base en este proponer mejoras que conlleven a un funcionamiento ideal del sistema, donde las actividades que generen desperdicio dentro del proceso sean mínimas y solo queden aquellas tareas que le den un valor agregado al producto por el cual el cliente sí esté dispuesto a pagar. El plan de acción propuesto en este documento actualmente se encuentra en ejecución y en un corto tiempo ha entregado ahorros considerables en tiempo y dinero a la compañía.

Lean Manufacturing tools has been positioned in the business environment as clear and efficient methodologies for process optimization in any type of business. In the present study is implemented the lean methodology called Value Stream Mapping or mapping value chain in a packaging company glass, in order to identify and eliminate those activities that do not add value to the process and in turn improve performance in logistics area of the company reducing the feeling of a low level of service. At the end of the research is accomplished conclude that the implementation of the tool can recognize the behavior and underlying relationships within the current process, and based on this propose improvements that lead to an ideal system operation, where the activities that generate waste within the process are minimal and only remaining tasks that give added value to the product for which the customer if they are willing to pay The document proposed in this action plan is currently in progress and within a short span of time has delivered considerable savings in time and money to the company.

Ferramentas Lean Manufacturing são posicionados no ambiente de negócios como otimização de processo claro e eficiente em qualquer tipo de metodologias de negócios. No presente estudo a metodologia lean chamado Value Stream Mapping ou cadeia de valor de mapeamento em um copo empresa de embalagens, a fim de identificar e eliminar as atividades que não agregam valor ao processo e, por sua vez melhorar o desempenho é implantado área de logística da empresa, reduzindo a sensação de um baixo nível de serviço. No final da investigação é conseguido concluir que a implementação da ferramenta é capaz de reconhecer o comportamento e as relações subjacentes dentro do processo atual, e com base neste melhorias que levam a uma operação do sistema ideal, onde as atividades que geram resíduos dentro de propor processo são tarefas mínimas e único remanescente que dão valor acrescentado para o próprio produto que o cliente está disposto a pagar O documento proposto neste plano de ação está sendo executado em um curto espaço de tempo e entregou uma economia considerável de tempo e dinheiro para a empresa.

Construction of Hospital Knowledge Service System Based on Clinical Data Center / 医学信息学杂志

Based on the new trend of transition from information service to knowledge service currently emerging in the field of information service,the paper presents the construction of a knowledge service system based on clinical data center.It introduces the architecture of the system,analyzes its features,describes its application effect and discusses the issues to be concerned for the further development of the knowledge service system in the future.

A study on the transformation of scientific research function for medical institutions / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To analyze the transformation of the function of research management department in medical institutions based on the knowledge management.Methods The value chain is introduced to portray the functions of research management department, and a survey is employed to collect existing problems in research management.Results Lack of knowledge management is main reason that limits the research development in medical institutions.Conclusions It is very important to re define the strategy for conducting the research in the medical institutions and to improve the knowledge management in those medical institutions.

Cadeia de valor da saúde: um modelo para o sistema de saúde brasileiro / Healthcare value chain: a model for the Brazilian healthcare system

Este artigo apresenta um modelo de cadeia de valor da saúde que representa, de maneira esquemática, o sistema de saúde do Brasil. O modelo proposto tem como intuito apresentar uma adequação à realidade brasileira, bem como abrangência e flexibilidade para utilização em atividades acadêmicas e análises do setor de saúde do Brasil. O modelo coloca ênfase em três componentes: principais atividades dessa cadeia, agrupadas em elos verticais e horizontais; missão de cada um desses elos; e principais fluxos da cadeia. A cadeia proposta é formada por seis elos verticais e três horizontais, perfazendo um total de nove: desenvolvimento de conhecimento em saúde; fornecimento de produtos e tecnologias; serviços de saúde; intermediação financeira; financiamento da saúde; consumo de saúde; regulação; distribuição de produtos de saúde; e serviços de apoio e complementares. A análise da cadeia proposta pode ser realizada por meio de quatro fluxos: inovação e conhecimento; produtos e serviços; financeiro; e de informação.

This article presents a model of the healthcare value chain which consists of a schematic representation of the Brazilian healthcare system. The proposed model is adapted for the Brazilian reality and has the scope and flexibility for use in academic activities and analysis of the healthcare sector in Brazil. It places emphasis on three components: the main activities of the value chain, grouped in vertical and horizontal links; the mission of each link and the main value chain flows. The proposed model consists of six vertical and three horizontal links, amounting to nine. These are: knowledge development; supply of products and technologies; healthcare services; financial intermediation; healthcare financing; healthcare consumption; regulation; distribution of healthcare products; and complementary and support services. Four flows can be used to analyze the value chain: knowledge and innovation; products and services; financial; and information.

Estudio descriptivo de los operadores logísticos como componentes estratégicos dentro de la cadena de valor del medicamento en Bogotá / Descriptive study about logistic operators as strategic compounds within the chain value of the drugs in Bogota

El operador logístico (ol) es una organización del sector industrial que realiza actividades complementarias como distribución, almacenamiento y transporte tanto de materias primas como de producto terminado, y su participación es cada vez más frecuente en el manejo de medicamentos, donde eventualmente pudiera verse afectada la calidad del producto. En este estudio se identificaron 75 ol localizados en la ciudad de Bogotá y se caracterizaron de acuerdo con las actividades que realizan, con el fin de determinar su importancia dentro de la cadena de valor del medicamento (cvm). Se encontró que no existen políticas exclusivas para los ol en la legislación colombiana, aunque éstos deben cumplir la normatividad existente para la manipulación de los medicamentos. En el estudio se diseñó y se desafió con el ol del sector, un instrumento especializado para capturar información que puede ser empleado en la caracterización de estas empresas en futuras investigaciones. También se identificaron nuevos servicios que los operadores ofrecen a la industria farmacéutica, corroborando el hecho de que estas organizaciones han alcanzado un importante grado de intervención sobre la cvm, especialmente conectando los eslabones productorcliente y planteando un desafío para el profesional farmacéutico en áreas alternativas de su ejercicio profesional.

The Logistic Operator (lo) is a type of industrial organization that does complementary activities such as distribution, storage and transportation, as well as, raw materials and finished products. Their interference is frequently involved in the handling of drugs and exist the risk that the quality of the drug can be affected by their participation. In this study were identified and characterized 75 (lo) located in Bogota city according to the activities that they perform, with the intention to determine their importance within the chain value of the drug (cvd). We found that don’t exist exclusive policy for lo in the Colombian legislation although they must comply with the regulations referred to handling of medicines. In this study was designed and challenged in lo of the sector, a specific document to capture information that can be use in order to get the activities of characterization in future research. Also were identified new services for the pharmaceutical industry, it was demonstrated that the (lo) possess a high degree of intervention on the cvd connecting the producer-customer links and this result expound a challenge for the pharmacist in other fields of their professional performance.

Discussion on Pharmaceutical Enterprises'Outsourcing Strategy Based on Value Chain / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the outsourcing strategy of pharmaceutical enterprises.METHODS:The feasibility and the necessity of carrying out outsourcing strategy in pharmaceutical enterprises were analyzed based on value chain theory;and the current outsourcing strategies carried out in China pharmaceutical enterprises were evaluated.RESULTS&CON?CLUSION:Outsourcing is a feasible choice for our pharmaceutical enterprises,by which their competitive edge can be im?proved effectively.

Analysis of the Core Competitive Power of Vitamin C Manufacturing Industry / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the development of the core competitive power of domestic vitamin C manufacturing enterprises.METHODS:To analyse the characteristic of vitamin C industry in China and the competitive situation in the new market enviroment after China entry into WTO and to study the value chain of Chinese enterprises.RESULTS&CONCLU?SION:In order to develop the new core competitive power,it is important to breed the core of value chain that is based on in?novation.

Construction of the Novel Value-Group Based Mode between Hospitals and Patients / 中国医学伦理学

In order to enhance their core competitiveness,hospitals will deal with medical service suppliers,patients,counterpart hospitals and other stakeholders constantly.Such multiple value activities constitute a patient-oriented and hospital-centered value group.Hospitals have to constantly meet the demand of patients in the provision of medical services,and patients will be satisfied through their own participation in medical activities,thus realize the increase of their value.The pattern of mutual value creation between hospitals and patients forms the new hospital-patient relationship.It is an important condition for the hospitals to gain competitive advantages in the medical service provision through the two models of value maximization and organization minimization,and is also profitable for the formation of a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients.